Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay - 875 Words

In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses the life of Guy Montag, a fireman in a near future dystopia, to make an argument against mindless conformity and blissful ignorance. In Bradbury’s world, the firemen that Montag is a part of create fires to burn books instead of putting out fires. By burning books, the firemen eliminate anything that might be controversial and make people think, thus creating a conforming population that never live a full life. Montag is part of this population for nearly 30 years of his life, until he meets a young girl, Clarisse, who makes him think. And the more he thinks, the more he realizes how no one thinks. Upon making this realization, Montag does the opposite of what he is supposed to; he begins to†¦show more content†¦The problem that this dystopian society faces by continuing to live in ignorance is the fact that their ignorance is leading them to their own demise. Faber explains the society’s path to Montag sho rtly after Montag had extricated himself from the society’s trajectory of doom: â€Å"Pity, Montag, pity. Don’t haggle and nag them; you were so recently of them yourself. They are so confident that they will run on forever. But they won’t run on. They don’t know that this is all one huge big blazing meteor that makes a pretty fire in space, but that someday it’ll have to hit. They see only the blaze, the pretty fir, as you saw it† (103). Montag learns from Faber what ignorance will do to those who embrace it. He learns that the ignorance that used to bring him â€Å"happiness† is actually pulling the society towards it’s downfall, and he also begins to realize that the only solution is the knowledge found in books. The society in Fahrenheit 451 shuns the knowledge found in books in turn for the â€Å"knowledge† found in facts. They shy away from true knowledge because true knowledge requires people to think, and when so meone thinks, there is a chance that they might think about something sad. As a leading force for the society’s destruction of true knowledge, Beatty explains to Montag the society’s want for immediate satisfaction and not something that may provide true happiness because it brings about sadness in the immediateShow MoreRelatedRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511020 Words   |  5 Pagesthe penalty for their possession—to watch them combust into ashes. Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, illustrates just such a society. Bradbury wrote his science fiction in 1951 depicting a society of modern age with technology abundant in this day and age—even though such technology was unheard of in his day. Electronics such as headphones, wall-sized television sets, and automatic doors were all a significant part of Bradbury’s description of humanity. Human life styles were also predicted; theRead MoreAnalysis of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451525 Words   |  2 Pages Ray Bradbury’s dystopian novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† depicts a future in which all books are outlawed, and the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman†, someone hired to burn books. The novel has won multiple awards and is widely regarded as one of Bradbury’s best works. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† is largely subjected to interpretation, surrounded by many theories as to why it was written. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† is strongly themed and can lead the reader to produce a plethora of ideas for it’s meaning , and theRead MoreSummary Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451912 Words   |  4 PagesBradbury uses a characters to represent the lives of other characters. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Clarisse causes Guy Montag to question his wife, Beatty, and his society (Bradbury, 1953). Clarisse McClellan makes Montag realise how unhappy he is in his marriage and that he really does not have a good relationship with Mildred ( Bradbury, 1953). Montag soon begins to question being a fireman and working alongside Captain Beatty. Montag gets very tired living fast past and not getting the timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511113 Words   |  5 Pagesand Dying, once imagined that, â€Å"The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of those depths.† The text’s collection focus on Ray Bradbury’s science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 discusses about the growth and struggles of Guy Montag’s beliefs against his society. Montag is a fireman and his job is to restrain people from learning by burning books. He meets special people and realizes the stimulation andRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511038 Words   |  5 Pagesexpressionless faces connected to even more mindless robotic people. A world where one just breathes and eats, but never truly feels any emotio n. Our world is on the way to becoming this, but for Millie and Montag this was a sad, sad, reality in Ray Bradbury’s book Fahrenheit 451. Everything grows with time as did our main character Montag throughout the book. Montag begins as a mindless follower and evolves into a fearless leader. As he grows into this leader his relationship with Mildred goes through multipleRead MoreCensorship in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451777 Words   |  3 PagesFahrenheit 451 accurately portrays Censorship as it has been throughout history. Ray Bradbury was probably influenced by world events during his time, such as the cold war and other diplomatic leaders who have censored their citizens to avoid the truth from getting out. From politicians right now and their attempts to censor the media, to censorship from the history of other foreign countries the actions of the â€Å"Firemen† in Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 are similar in method and meaning. The actionRead MoreRay Bra dburys Fahrenheit 451 Character Analysis708 Words   |  3 Pagesworld is like for Guy Montag in Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451. In the beginning of the novel, Guy Montag is a fireman who believes that there has never been and will never be a need for books and every book should burn. As the story progresses, he interacts with people and experiences events in his life that change his beliefs and views of the world. By the end of the novel, Guy Montag can recite parts of books off the top of his head. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag learns the truthRead MoreReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 In Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451, the author utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in addition to various occupations Read MoreEssay about Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4512103 Words   |  9 Pagesthe point where they cannot entertain their minds with anything meaningful. Above all, the people of this society shun books and remain ignorant about their history and anything beyond their lifestyles. This is the society which Ray Bradbury conjures up in Fahrenheit 451 using science fictional elements to convey the importance of remembering, freedom of speech, and less reliance on machinery. Science fiction was the best medium to help Bradbury express his ideas because it provides the proper balanceRead MoreCharacterization Of A Hero In Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511272 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world and all of its inhabitants. Fictional novels portray heroes as people that make a difference in the community. This characterization of a hero is also true in Ray Bradburys novel, Fahrenheit 451. Rodney A. Smolla introduces the main charac ter in â€Å"The Life of The Mind and A Life of Meaning: Reflections on Fahrenheit 451† stating that â€Å"Montag begins the novel ostensibly proud of his profession and settled in life, but we soon find that there is disquiet beneath the surface† (897). Throughout

AP World History Compare and Contrast The Spread of...

Compare and Contrast: The Spread of Christianity and Buddhism in the End of the Classical Period. World History AP Christianity and Buddhism are two different religions that developed and spread contemporaneously in during the Classical Period different territories. Both of them share some similarities as well as differences. Both of these religions were founded based upon different principles taught by different people; in Buddhism’s case Gautama Buddha a thinker and in Christianity’s it is Jesus Christ who is a prophet. These two universal doctrines spread in times of chaos, in which citizens of their own territories were looking forward to achieve salvation of any kind. Although alike these two doctrines didn’t have a†¦show more content†¦A thing that appealed the people of the Classical Period about this two religions and led to the spread and evangelization of them was the fact that they both promised their followers salvation. As it is stated in the paragraph before their followers state of salvation was achieved when reaching the Nirvana or Heaven. During the Classical Period people were in a state of chaos, the lower class was losing the lands they used for agriculture, middle class’ trade was being affected, and upper class were losing power. These three different social classes needed the hope of salvation, the one that Buddhism and Christianity could give them. Another thing that appealed about these two religions, specially to the lower class was the Universality of it. You were spiritually equal to Buddha or God no matter what, not even social class or race. Also, both of them were against slavery. At last, was how personal it was. You could directly interact with God or Buddha by praying or meditating, which supposedly will help you and direct you throughout your life. These two religions had very different concepts about divinity, Christians believed in one only merciful god, while Buddhists believed in Buddha’s divinity known as enlightenment and his teachings. Christians had a very complex concept of what divinity is, they believe in only one god who can be manifested in three different ways, as God himself, throughout his son Jesus

Universal Grammar Free Essays

Modern universal grammar is a result of the advancement of evolutionary psychology as portrayed by Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theories. Darwin believed that evolutionary psychology gave the human race it’s â€Å"first systematic way of understanding ourselves†. Grammar, while varying by language, is understood to be a systematic and proper for humans to communicate with each other and its use a result of natural selection given the youtube video, â€Å"Charles Darwin’s Legacy†. We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Grammar or any similar topic only for you Order Now In â€Å"Charles Darwin’s Legacy† Richard Levins, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, stated that, â€Å"there has always been a tradition which tended to look for a place for everything and everything in it’s place†. Grammar fits this description as a human tradition which has evolved based on the language and preference of the elite. For example, 19th century aristocrats utilized far more advanced grammar than the working class of the same era whom most likely used little to no grammar structure whatsoever. Before the separation of human beings by social and economic status, the only thing people needed to communicate with one another were words. Over the centuries communication in itself has become a dull trait. One can not simply communicate, but must have the skill of communication. This is the foundation of how universal grammar was developed. In addition, Darwin was a firm believer of the eugenics movements and as such believed that â€Å"important people bred important people. The logic behind this statement makes sense when related to language considering that one’s offspring would most likely speak the language of their parents. As such, if the elite were to develop a systematic form of written language, such as grammar, then their offspring would not only continue the usage of said grammar, but develop and add on to the established. In time grammar will continue to evolve and it’s development will alter by each generation. How to cite Universal Grammar, Essay examples

Theory Essay free essay sample

The Lesson is written by Toni Cade Bambara and is a fictional narrative. The significance of this short story is deepened when we apply Paulo Freire’s story Pedagogy of the Oppressed because he talks about the different kinds of teaching methods that relate to the characters in The Lessons and the society that they live in. In Freire’s story he deliberates about the society we live in, which uses the banking method rather than the problem posing method of teaching. I believe that this is what Miss. Moore is trying to show her students in The Lesson by taking them to the ‘rich’ part of town when they go into the toyshop. In Freire’s story he gives two terms: the oppressor, which in my opinion is the white people in The Lesson and the oppressed which is Sylvia and her classmates. In The Lesson, you meet a young girl who goes by the name of Sylvia. Sylvia is brought up in a ‘slum’ area and is resentful towards her teacher, Miss Moore. Sylvia feels that her teacher is better than everyone else in her community because she has a college degree, and doesn’t care to listen to anything Miss. Moore has to say. The story starts off by Miss Moore bringing the group of children to this toyshop, which is where I believe she is trying to expose them to this banking system concept, to show them what is wrong with their society. The banking system concept is when â€Å"the teacher talks about reality as if it were motionless, static, compartmentalized, and predictable. Or else he expounds on a topic completely alien to the existential experience of the students† (Freire 52). In other words the banking system where the teachers believe only they can be the ‘knowledgeable other’, the knowledgeable other is someone who has more experience and knows what they are doing which makes them the one who holds all the knowledge. They don’t believe the students can teach them anything new. Using this type of system will result in the student’s only being as good as what they’re taught. The problem posing method on the other hand is where the teachers and the students work together, that they can learn from each other and respect one another’s thoughts, ideas, questions and wonders. A great example of the banking method that Freire writes is â€Å"the more completely she fills out the receptacles, the better a teacher she is. The more meekly the receptacles permit themselves to be filled, the better students they are† (Freire 53). In The Lesson the white people are the oppressors and Sylvia and her classmates are the oppressed. Freire explains the oppressed â€Å"The oppressed receive the euphemistic title of â€Å"welfare recipients†. They are treated as individual cases, as marginal persons who deviate from general configuration of a â€Å"good, organized, and just† society† (Freire 55). This is saying how poor people are treated as separate people in society. The students in The Lesson did not know they were seen as this ‘separate’ part of society. According to Freire he doesn’t believe this is the case, he see’s everyone as equals â€Å"The oppressed are not â€Å"marginal†, are not people living â€Å"outside† society. They have always been â€Å"inside† (Freire 55). Once Sylvia and her classmates arrive at this toyshop they notice a toy sailboat that catches them off guard, but it’s not the sailboat, it is the price tag that is attached to it, Sylvia exclaims â€Å"Who are these people that spend that much for preforming clowns and $1000 for toy sailboats? What kinda work they do and how they live and how come we ain’t on it? (Bambara 425). I believe that by bringing the children to this new environment she was trying to open the children’s eyes to this ‘separate’ society. Miss Moore embodies the idea of problem posing. From Freire’s point of view, a teacher that poses these traits should â€Å"from the outset, her efforts must coincide with those of the students to engage in critical thinking and the quest for mutual humanization† (Freire 56). Miss. Moore does this when she asks a question to deepen Sugar’s thought about why adults would play with a kid’s toy. A great metaphoric description between the two methods that Freire uses, quoting Fromm is that the banking system causes people to be ‘necrophilia’ versus the problem posing method, which is causing people to be ‘biophilious’. â€Å"While life is characterized by growth in a structured, functional manner, the necrophilous person loves all that does not grow, all that is mechanical. The necrophilous person is drive by the desire to transform the organic into the Memory rather that experience, having, rather than being, is what counts. The necrophilious person can related to an object- a flower or a person- only if he loses the possession he loses contact with the world†¦ He loves control; in the act of controlling he kills life† (Fromm 58). I feel that this quote strengthens the issue that the children have around this expensive boat. In my point of view the children are more biophilious, this is backed up when it shows that they do not see the importance of an expensive boat when they could use that money to feed an entire family. They aren’t bound by materialistic items. During The Lesson you read about Sylvia getting mad at her friend Sugar for engaging in conversation with Miss Moore regarding the toy sailboat. This displays that Sylvia is unintentionally still bound by the banking system because if they were in the problem posing method this would be seen as harmful to one another’s learning. You notice that Miss Moore is trying to get the students to critically think for themselves in a problem-posing manner, but it is apparent that they are all in some matter constricted by this banking system method that they live in. The whole idea of the banking system with the roles of the oppressed and the oppressor is that it stops people from becoming fully human, as Freire says â€Å"no one can be authentically human while he prevents others from being so†.

None_provided Essays - Industrial Revolution, Criticism Of Science

None_provided The use and rapid growth of technology has often be seen to many of the working class as a bad omen, like a cancer it spreads and gradually, one surcum to the inevitable. One occasion which arose and was met with resilience occured in England in 1811 when the revolutionary crop machine became the center of attention. A group of disgruntled workers from various textiles industries, called the Luddites formed a secret community of machine breakers. They used their primitive weapons to try and destroy the textile mills and machines that were believed to be the root of their problem. The Luddite's believed their skill and pride in their work made them a unique commodity and was one of the differences between them and the machines. Their skills have been passed from generation, to generation; in essence it is a direct trait of their identity. The craftsmen felt the machines were not as skilled as they were, therefore if they were to operate these machines they would probably lose their valuable skill and identity to become slaves to the machine. Work they once did in the house would now have to be done in textiles, which the luddites opposed because it housed poor working conditions. Work breaks that were left up to their discretion was to be timed, and the amount of work was based on a machine that could last longer than workers. Hence, it is easy to get the impression why the luddiets wanted to destroy the machines. In his book Society and Technological Change Rudi Volti expressed the belief that the luddites feared loosing their jobs to the dreadful revolutionary crop machine is not necessarily the main or only reason behind the attacks. That is not to say that fear of the new machines did not exist or contribute to the Luddite attacks, only that there were many other contributing factors. For example the Luddite attacks began in the hosiery trades, because of the long held opposition to the use of wide stocking frames that allowed employment of cheaper unskilled workers. Volti surmised this could have been handle peacefully had it not been for the dire economic conditions that existed at the time. Mainly due to the Napoleonic Wars which resulted in a general trade depression. A series of bad harvest caused a supply and demand, the amount of good harvest was scarce but the demand was high therefore raising the price for food dramatically. Due to theses conditions the Luddites sadly realized their wages were not enough to met their families basic needs. These events were followed by the shearers and handloom weavers in the weaving industry, who feared the advancement of the steam powered weaving machinery. In the crop ping trade the attacks were done to express the prevention of technological advances. The attack was simply based on the fear of unemployment based on technological changes. Although the film expressed the reason for the Luddite attacks were solely based on the so-called techno-fear is simply not true. The fear of low wages and unemployment due to the revolutionary technology did exist, however that is by far the only factor. Fear of possible unemployment and low wages were only contributing factors to the Luddite revolution, the economic conditions of the time were the main reasons for these attacks and fears. Volti stated that if the economic conditions were not so bad these attacks could have been avoided trough collective bargaining.

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The Male and Female Self in European Civilization Essay

The Male and Female Self in European Civilization - Essay Example Two of these personalities were Heloise and Abelard who became famous for their disastrous affair which shook the church in France during the Middle-Ages. Peter Abelard, a renowned philosopher and priest, fell in love with his beautiful and convent-educated student Heloise who eventually became pregnant. The affair ended in a tragedy when the couple secretly got married. When Heloise's uncle found out about the illicit affair and the marriage, he ordered Abelard castrated. Abelard spent the rest of his life in a monastery and Heloise decided to take vows as an Abbess, both embittered and separated from each other. Heloise's and Abelard's letters, written to each other at the height of their affair, compiled by Constant Mews, in a book called 'The Lost Love Letters of Heloise and Abelard,' radically and eloquently described the transcendent nature of their love. These collection of letters found and translated by Mews, only manifested that although men mainly dominated this period, th e voices of women in that generation could never be silenced by constraints on gender or the established religious institutions. In one of her letters, Heloise wrote to Abelard she preferred love to chains and freedom to marriage as marriage was done merely for conventional purposes. And if the name of wife appears more sacred and more valid, sweeter to me is ever the word friend, or, if thou be not ashamed, concubine or whoreI preferred to love to wedlock, freedom to a bond. I call God to witness, if Augustus, ruling over the whole world, were to deem me worthy of the honour of marriage, and to confirm the whole world to me, to be ruled by me forever, dearer to me and of greater dignity would it seem to be called thy strumpet than his empress. (Constant 27) Heloise altered her definition of 'self' from being 1'a woman of great wisdom and prudence and religion' to someone who is not 'chaste.' Constant Mews mentioned this as 2'an incredible insight into Heloise's perception of the hypocrisy of religious life.' A part of Heloise identification of the 'self' was her strong views about gender issues of her time questioning the functions of Christian women in religious life and how this life could be made to suit them and not the other way around. Mews added that 3'the traditions [Heloise] inherited were one in secular level' quite distinct from the love based on the Scriptures that Heloise had to follow or the love that '[was] talked about in monastic life.' The Middle-Ages were the period in which society identified women as the cause of decay and corruption and Heloise defied this prevailing idea by developing a notion of love which at best was liberal and beyond her time. In another letter to Abelard, Heloise wrote 4'I do not consider the friendship of those who seem to love each other for riches and pleasures to be durable at all since the very things on which they base their love seem to have no durability.' In many of her letters in which she professed love to Abelard, Heloise stressed equality and friendship as essential to love and relationships. For the most part, Abelard agreed with Heloise's view about love saying that they could live

The Color Purple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Color Purple - Essay Example The story revolves round the protagonist Celie, a fourteen years old black girl, who is victim of the sexual assaults of her stepfather. The stepfather, not only rapes her continuously, but also impregnates her twice illegitimately. Celie is also rebuked and tortured by the obnoxious Alphonso, who does never have mercy towards the innocent little girl. Since she is unable to resist to the cruel and atrocious behavior of her stepfather, she writes letters to God out of the feelings of sheer disappointment and despair. Hence, she maintains unabated belief in the existence of the Supreme Being, Who would remove all her miseries one day. Thus, the elements of Christian religious belief sway throughout the book that consists of letters to God carrying prayers for the protagonist’s safety from the cruelties society committed on the weak stratum. She also looks nagging in her letter on the sad demise of her mother, which has deprived her of the affection and protection of a shelterin g tree in the person of the mother. She also makes complains through her writing to the Lord regarding the loss of her daughter and then son, both of which are snatched away from her lap as soon as she gives birth to them. Since the children are the product of her illicit relationship or rape by her stepfather, who gets the infant children lost in order to conceal his heinous crime he has been committing against her innocent stepdaughter. The little girl’s mourning and cries fill the hearts of the readers with gloominess. The author, in a highly moving though morbid way narrates the torture and battering Alphonso inflicted upon Celie. However, Celie’s unabated belief in the Lord does not waver altogether. On the contrary, her faith observes tremendous boost while her addressing the Lord through her innocent writing. help. Her letters further make complains from the Lord on getting married to the immodest and dissipated Mr.___. Although Mr. ___ had asked for the hand of Celie’s younger sister Nettie, yet Alphonso preferred to hand over comparatively â€Å"the ugly† Celie to the sweet and charming Nettie. Since she is unable to get rescued from the cruelties of Alphonso and then Mr. ___, her belief about God as a white male strengthens. Consequently, she starts believing that the deity belonging to male stratum as well as white racial group would not protect an ordinary, poor and helpless black girl at any cost. Thus, sense of alienation appears in the mind of the black girl. The elements of racial discrimination are also evident in the letters Celie writes to God, which are actually the reflection of the sentiments of

Difficult and Glorious History of Boeing 747 Research Paper

Difficult and Glorious History of Boeing 747 - Research Paper Example Boeing 747-100 Iran development of 747 occurred during the rapid growth of air traffic in the 60's. Boeing 707, which dominated at that time in the U.S. airline market, already struggling to cope with the increasing flow of passengers. Prior to that, the Boeing Corporation has worked to develop a large transport aircraft for the U.S. Army, but then lost the draft Corporation Lockheed - C-5 Galaxy. â€Å"Nevertheless, the most loyal Boeing customer - the airline Pan American - has developed requirements for the giant passenger plane which was supposed to be more "707" twice. In 1966, the Corporation introduced a new configuration of the aircraft, the designation "747". Initially, the project is a fully double-deck aircraft, but with this configuration, there were some difficulties, and the scheme was abandoned in favor of the "hump". From the first series of 100 aircraft, Pan Am ordered 25. Hess, R. A., and Wells, S. R. At that time it was thought that such giants will soon be superseded by supersonic aircraft. Therefore, the "747" was originally developed as a transport aircraft. Over time, it was planned even a complete refurbishment of all aircraft into freighters. The cockpit was placed on the upper deck specifically to be able to convert the nose of the plane in the cargo ramp. It was assumed that the market does not need more than 400 aircraft of this type, however, despite the criticism and tough competition in 1993, was built thousand aircraft. Only in the first decade of XXI century sales "747" began to fall. Construction of aircraft has been associated with some difficulties: the Boeing plant did not have capabilities to produce such huge aircraft. To do this in a small town Everett, Washington had built a new factory, which became home to a new family of aircraft. Company Pratt & Whitney has developed a huge turbofan engine with a high pass ratio - JT9D, which was originally used exclusively for the "747". In order to improve safety and flying qualities of aircraft on the "747" were set back four hydraulic systems and slotted flaps, which are allowed to use the aircraft on the runways of standard length.

Child abuse and neglect

Child abuse and neglect Child Abuse: Real-life vs. A Child Called It According to the US Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, about 4,000,000 children die each year as a result of child abuse and neglect (Bob 12). Child abuse refers to nonaccidental harm that is inflicted on children by their parents or other adults (Magill 218). Many people do not take child abuse seriously because they either believe that harsh discipline is necessary, or they do not realize how bad it really is. Both child abuse and neglect are serious social problems that often have a lasting negative impact on the development of minors (Magill 218). Due to the incredibly violent and graphic nature of A Child Called It, readers may not believe the encounters are factual. However, they most regrettably are true. The abusive actions in A Child Called It parallel those of real-life child abuse cases. Abuse mostly occurs in families who are young, poor, and single (Palmisano 228). When families are going through hard times, there is a lot of stress that comes along with it. With all of this stress, the parents take it out on their children. Having a crisis in the home heightens the chances that a child will be abused (Bob 15). A familys relationship is a very important part of the system in the household. Domestic violence and parental issues are also contributing problems in reoccurring child abuse cases. Parents who abuse each other are more likely to abuse their child as well, because violence in one aspect of family life often flows into other aspects (Rein 54). Families in which the wife hits the husband, the child abuse rate was considerably higher, resulting in 22.9 children per one hundred children (Rein 54). There has also been found a correlation between family income and child abuse and neglect, (Rein 52). Child abuse cases are more likely to occur in households where money is in short supply, especially if the caregivers are unemployed (Bob 15). Difficulty in the family structure can also trigger child abuse. Children in single-family households were at higher risk of physical abuse and all types of neglect than were children in other family structures (Rein 51). In A Child Called It Dave Pelzer suffers child abuse at the hands of his alcoholic mother. It was not like this all the time. At first she was a loving and caring mother, and then she changed dramatically. Together they used to have good times. They would always spend all their time together, going to the zoo and the park, until the family slowly started to split apart. Pelzers father was a firefighter, so he worked many twenty-four hour shifts, which caused problems between him and his wife. If parents are having problems in their relationship, then they take out their anger on others. In Pelzers situation, his mother took care of all her feelings by drinking and abusing her son. Most people believe that the fathers are abusers because they are bigger and stronger, but it is mostly the women. In fact, there are many households where the woman of the family beats the man: 80% of fatal maltreatment cases were attributed to women, that is for both child abuse, and spouse abuse (Carey 23). Many people believe that women are not capable of child abuse because of their maternal instinct, but woman are the abusive ones. According to Carey, 58% of child abuse is by the mother. Many abusers inflict abuse onto their kids because that is how they grew up. The severity of child abuse, and the manner in which children are abused, bears a strong resemblance to the type of maltreatment experienced by their mothers (Kim 54). Another big contributing factor to child abuse is substance abuse. There are some cases where there is drug abuse, but the most common substance is alcohol. According to the Children of Alcoholics Foundation, 40 percent of confirmed child abuse cases involve the use of alcohol or other drugs (Kim 54). In most cases, with or without depression as a factor, studies indicate that a major contributing factor to child abuse is alcohol or drug addiction (Kim 54). In A Child Called It, the abuse is done by Pelzers alcoholic mother. With the father gone, the mother made herself useless and drunk. At times while Father was away at work, she would spend the entire day lying on the couch, dressed only in her bathrobe, watching television. Mom got up only to go to the bathroom, get another drink or heat leftover food (Pelzer 30). Shortly after this phase of being lazy, she started to abuse her son, with alcohol at her side. Whenever child abuse is suspected, the most important thing to do is to report it. Many people do not report child abuse, which may result in the child dying. There are so many reasons that people do not report child abuse, and it becomes a big mistake: 60% failed to report child maltreatment because they did not have enough evidence that the child had been maltreated (Rein 23). Whether there is a lot of evidence or not, all child abuse suspicions should be reported because it could save a childs life. Also, around 16% failed to report because they did not think CPS would do a good job (Rein 23). Whether it is believed that they would do a good job or not, letting someone know what is going on can make the smallest difference in a childs life. One-third of the mandated reporters thought the abuse was not serious enough to warrant reporting (Rein 23). There are many organizations today that will help if there is suspected child abuse, without putting the victim in any further danger. For example, there are the Societies for the Cruelty to Children, American Human Association, Child Welfare League, National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence, and much more (Dolan 60-68). In A Child Called It all of the teachers knew about Pelzers abuse but did not say anything. According to Pelzer, every day when he walked into school he went to the nurse for their daily routine. She would ask him to remove his clothes and check all over his body for new marks. All of the teachers knew but were afraid to say something. Mr. Hansen, one of the teachers that knew about this, even called home one night to talk to his mother. When Pelzer got home that night he got a beating because of it. Child abuse is a serious crime. Many people are afraid to intervene, but they should. Many people do not really believe that child abuse is as bad as they hear from different stories, but it really is. In A Child Called It, most things that happen in real life child abuse cases, was present in the book. In both real life and in Pelzers story, the family was experiencing trouble in the structure and relationships. Also, the abuser was the mother figure. And the worse thing of all is the community negligence. Many people do not say anything, whether what they suspect is really happening or not. Child abuse is real and Dave Pelzer experienced it first hand.

As I Lay Dying :: Essays Papers

As I Lay Dying In William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying, references to â€Å"the right† by numerous characters serve to propel the reader on a quest for truth. Cora and Tull make allusions to what is right as defined by religion, while Cash evokes a more innate sense of right and wrong. Anse has a sense of right that is deceptive to both himself and others, yet it also conveys his view of the world which Faulkner shows to be just as accurate as anyone else’s. Faulkner’s blending of these versions of right make a unified idea of what is right, even if that idea is at once a confusing and complicated one. Cora and Vernon Tull believe completely in the absolute power of God and that His will is ultimately what will be done. Cora is Vernon’s source of strength and faith, and even when he waivers in what he believes to be right, he ultimately sides with his wife. Cora is constantly exclaiming both in speech and in song that â€Å"I trust in my God and my reward.† (70) This belief is a great comfort to Cora. Even when she makes cakes for a wealthy woman in town and the woman changes her mind, Cora only thinks â€Å"Riches is nothing in the face of the Lord, for He can see into the heart.† (7) Cora also believed it right for people to suffer; seeing it as their â€Å"mortal lot† (159). However, this deep faith is also blinding to Cora. Cora is blind to the fact that Addie has an understanding of sin and salvation and â€Å"right† beyond the mere words that she uses. Cora mistakes Addie’s lack of faith for vanity and pride, and gets down on her knees in hopes of rescuing her from the clutches of damnation (160). Addie’s response to this is that â€Å"people to whom sin is just a matter of words, to them salvation is just words too.† (168) Vernon Tull at times questions whether his wife is altogether right, but then catches himself and pulls himself back. Cora may have seen it as people’s mortal lot to suffer, but Vernon questioned this, especially in the case of Vardaman’s pain. Vernon says, â€Å"It aint right. I be durn if it is.

Holly Farms

Holly farms strategy Introduction In order to revive profits and save themselves from bearing heavy losses, Fred and Gillian Giles had opened a two purposed farm for the general public in 1993. Their ambitious goals had let them to put in all their savings to establish facilities on the farm which would entertain the tourists. This side of the business was apart from the usual farming being carried out which included the distribution of ice cream which was manufactured behind the farm in a small factory, a milking parlor to see the latest technology being used to milk the cows and an additional guided tour of the farm.Even though the business is currently running reasonably well, the owners are facing some serious issues related capacity constraints and competition. Answers Answer 1: There is a no. of issues which Gillian Gales is facing in her side of the business. These issues include the fact that in order to grow the Holly Farm's business, it is not possible for the owners to add additional capital. They have already invested a lot of money and any additional capital available to them will be in terms of a loan.However, the interest rate on the loan is expected to be above ten percent which would not make it feasible since the owners are not expecting to earn that high a return on their investment in order to pay the interest and the principal amount. Other issues which Gillian needs to take notice of include the fact that the ice-cream factory is not operating at full capacity, the freezer which has a capacity to hold 10,000 units is operated at 7000 units' storage to allow for stick rotation.The lack of preservatives used in the ice-cream would also be a factor in this regard where the inventory needs to move out of the factory within 6-12 weeks. This factor would be driving down retail sales to shops and hotels which might be interested in stockpiling the ice-cream for their peak periods (since Gillian is not in a position to increase production for them at that time). Gillian also needs to decide whether to promote coach firms or market to families and schools for trips to their farm.Gillian mentions that on average one out of two coach customers' buys one liter box of ice-cream while a four occupant car buys the same amount. This data, though a good starting point, would not allow for proper decision making since data on how many a coach normally holds. Also the use of averaged data is not advisable when making decisions as to who the target market would be for the coming year.There is also a need for extra staff by the farm, currently the ice-cream manufacturing employs farm workers' wives (three) and a maximum of four flavor can be produced given the time constraints and the set up time (to change flavors). Since capital investment is not possible at this time, Gillian would need to hire more staff for ice-cream manufacturing if she plans to increase the number of flavors to ten, analysis and accurate forecasting of what quanti ties of flavors to produce would also be required if the number of flavors is to be increased.Market researches as to which flavors are being demanded by the customers would also be required and could help eliminate the need to expand to ten flavors outright, but this is currently not being undertaken by Gillian. The lack of promotional activities by Gillian has seen the number of arrivals to the farm cap at 15000 a year; this situation is being ignored as Gillian is concentrating more on expanding the manufacturing side, now she needs to take a more active approach to increasing the traffic at the farm.The issue of farm timings not being conducive to picnics and factory visits (20% of the customers leave before the milking process) and this very fact that many visitors are unable to see the milking process is also one which would be driving lower ice-cream sales and needs to be looked into by Gillian. Answer 2: To increase the number of farm visitors by 50% in a single year is a al most unachievable goal that Gillian has set for herself. Although it is possible that the number be increased, but going from 15000 visitors to 22500 visitors is not a small task which can be achieved in the duration of a single year.This is due to a number of factors which, for Gillian, would be constraints in achieving this growth target. These factors include: 1. The fact that the farm is open to visitors for 7 months in a year, during the remaining months the animals are kept inside and the rides etc available to customers are not safe due to the weather situation. This is a limit which Gillian would be unable to surmount in a single years time without capital investment into building sheds and indoor facilities etc at the Holly Farm. 2.Another time constraint is the fact that Gillian and Fred found that keeping the farm open for more than the four days it is already open (Friday to Monday) is not feasible due to the low traffic during the remaining days. Also the farm workers w ould not be free during the three days of the week (they would be involved in the â€Å"real† farm work), so the only way to keep the farm open the entire week is through hiring extra staff which could only be justified and feasible if Gillian were able to confirm attendance/traffic at the farm during these days via school trips etc.The weekend is the peak period for Holly Farm and it is unlikely that working individuals would be willing to take farm trips during work days. The sales forecast for 1999 shows that Gillian has prepared is highly presumptuous given that she has yet to decide how she would be increasing the number of customers on the farm. Whether she wishes to bring in more customers through coach firms or target the family and recreational travelers (who come by car).With coach firms Gillian would most likely have to offer discounts on the farm visits to the coaching firms to plan trips or revert to her old marketing tactics of giving lectures at schools and ins titutes and market her farm herself. The decision on whether or not to engage with coaching firms is not possible at this time because the number of passengers on each coach has not been identified, thus one cannot calculate the profits to be had from the sales of ice-cream and other produce along with the admission fees (with or without the discounts).Even if the averaged figure of one-liter ice-cream sale per two coach passengers is taken to be reliably accurate without the number of potential customers coming through the coach trips, and via cars for that matter (one liter per four passengers), choice between the options would be more moot point than proper decision making on the part of Gillian. If we were to assume that half the customers come by car and half come via coach trips than promoting coach trips would yield more benefits in terms of ice-cream sales as * 7400 coach trips/2 = 3700 liters of sales & * 7400 car travelers/4 = 1850 liters of salesGiven that 13500 liters we re sold through the retail shop ($27000/$2(selling price)) this would mean that close to 41% of the sales comes through the customers on the farm. A 50% increase in the number of customers on the farm would lead to sales of $40,000 only if the number of customers at the farm window also increased by 50% which is a market not being targeted by Gillian, thus the following calculation leading to a figure of $40,000 would be incorrect as the sales would be lower (higher from the customers on the farm but when including the trend based sales through the farm window the total sales would be lower). 148001. 5=22200 customers * 11100 coach trips/2$2=$11100 * 11100 car travelers/4$2= $5550 * $16650/0. 41 = $40,610 in sales. School parties and trips could be a good tactic on the part of Gillian as they would ensure higher number of visitors and a larger sale of ice-cream and other products which could be made on the farm. Charging a lower admission fees for parties and retaining the catering of the party would be a good source of income for the farm and has the potential of increasing the traffic at the farm by opening a whole new target market for Holly Farms i. e. party venue.Gillian should invest some time and effort into undertaking market research into how many schools would be willing to have parties or field trips on the farm (before offering party packages), also information on the customer tolerance for queuing (to watch the milking process) would be beneficial to Gillian in analyzing how to increase the number of customers on the farm because if the customers are not able to watch the milking process and view this as a deal breaker, they might seek out other sources of recreation and by increasing customers in the short run, Gillian might lose customers in the long run.Information on the actual number of car visitors vs. those coming through coach trips should be sought before Gillian decides on a course of action. Answer 3: Before undertaking a decision to in crease the number of ice-cream flavors from 4 to 10 Gillian should weight the advantages and the disadvantages of this venture. The first factor which Gillian needs to consider is whether a market exists for ten flavors of ice-cream or not, and whether it is feasible for the farm to be producing ten flavors.The fact that capital investment is not possible for Holly Farms means that the additional production would be through an increase in the labor force but the overall quantity of the ice-cream produced would still be limited to an inventory level of 7000 liters (which can be held by the freezer). This would mean that the new flavors would be introduced at the expense of the old flavors. This can be an advantage if the customers of Holly Farm are seeking one or two flavors other than those eing offered (market research would be required to confirm this) and that the quantity demanded would allow for greater turnover through either farm or retail sales. Alternatively this venture co uld lead to unsatisfied customers in cases where the farm could experience stock outs of certain flavors due to the fact that many flavors would be under production. A move to directly offering ten flavors would also create logistical problems as the machines available for production and storing are limited.The fact that more staff would have to be hired would also increase the cost of production of all ice-creams and that would affect the profits of the ice-cream venture and Gillian would be forced to make another key decision on whether to pass on the increased cost to the customers in the form of higher prices, and risk losing some business, or decrease the profit margins of the same.Since an increase in volume is only possible if the inventory turnover is greatly enhanced by the introduction of new flavors (which is not certain) the profits for the farm would be on a downward trend if all other factors remain constant and flavors are added to the product offerings.Since there is no research to suggest that there would be a greater uptake of ice-cream (at retail or farm level) with more flavors, a jump to 10 flavors would be rash and create more problems for Gillian in terms of resource management, forecasting the demand for individual products and overlooking the manufacturing of the same, rather than the advantages Gillian seeks.Undertaking some degree of market research and exploring one or two additional flavors (based on research findings) whilst maintaining the same level of staff could be more beneficial for Holly Farms and they could expand their flavor offerings over the long run when they have the capacity to increase production or maintain higher levels of inventory. ConclusionThe case under review explores the capacity and resource constraints being faced by a small business which was able to attract customers and diversify into other forms of complementary businesses i. e. tours and ice-cream retailing. What we find in this case is that Gillian , the partner in charge of the complementary businesses is facing two critical decisions (a) how to increase the number of customers visiting the farm and (b) how to increase the retail sales of the ice-cream.Since capital investment is not a viable option for the business the means of increasing customer traffic are limited to promotional activities and attracting the right customers for both tours and ice-cream sales. We find that such decisions are not possible with the data available to Gillian at the present time and that the option to increase the number of ice-cream flavors to ten (from four) is also not viable given the manufacturing and storage constraints.Gillian should therefore seek additional data on the target audience for promotional activities and if she plans to increase the number of ice-cream flavors she should start on a smaller scale after conducting proper market demand research. References [Author of Book] (1999), â€Å"Case Study: Holly Farms†, [Name o f Book], Pp 244-248 Read more:  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/business-strategy/holly-farms-strategy. php#ixzz2DakGnUSm

20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Biomedical Physiology

20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Biomedical Physiology The study of the functions of the human body, its reactions to both chemical and physical elements and how this understanding can be put to use in solving health problems in humans is what biomedical physiology is all about. And from time to time, students studying science related courses may be asked write essays on biomedical physiology which can be somewhat difficult due to the amount of research that must be put in to ensure accuracy. This article is written to serve as a guiding light to those who are entirely in the dark on how to go about writing an essay on biomedical physiology. Here, a diverse list of cause and effect essay topics on biomedical physiology will be provided in order to help students create a writing structure from scratch. Also, a sample essay using one of the listed topics will be included and can be viewed as a road map on writing cause and effects essay. 20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Biomedical Physiology: Investigating Biomedical Innovations and the Role Physiology Plays in its Growth The Role of Biomedical Physiology in the Advancement of Bionics Understanding the Effects of External Pressure to Human Organs The Study of Human Physiology and its Importance in Developing Biomedical Devices Exploring the Role of Biomedical Physiology in Biomedical Engineering Juxtaposing the Fields of Biomedical Physiology and Biomedical Engineering in Advance Medicine How Understanding the Mechanical Functions of the Human Body Aids Biomedical Innovation The Human Body, Biomedical Physiology and Improving Medical Health Care How an Understanding of the Human Body and its Control System aids Biomedical Science Biomedical Engineering and the Role of Human Cells in Developing Health Solutions What Heat Acclimatization in Humans can Teach Biomedical Scientists about Fluid Transfer Physiological Knowledge of the Human Skin and its Role in Surgery Procedures The Muscular System of the Human Body and the Development of Prosthetic Aid The Role of Biomedical Physiology in Developing Corrective Surgery Equipment Exploring the Gains of Biomedical Physiology in the Field of Biotechnology Making a Case for Biomedical Physiology and the Opportunity it Creates for Women Discussing the Great Strides Biomedical Physiology has Engineered in Medical Procedures The Future of Human Health and the Role of Biomedical Physiology The Future of Biotechnology and How Biomedical Physiology Drives it The Biomedical Engineering Revolution and why Physiology has a Part to Play Now that we have our 20 cause and effect topics on biomedical physiology, the next step as earlier discussed is providing you with a sample essay. This essay will be provided in the following paragraphs and we also implore you to take advantage of these topics by developing one yourself or using them as a form of inspiration in choosing a topic for your custom essay. Our task is to simplify yours and we intend to do this with every article in the biomedical physiology essay series. Sample Essay: Investigating Biomedical Innovations and the Role Biomedical Physiology Plays in its Growth Knowledge precedes invention. Therefore, before anything can be invented, a thorough knowledge of the laws and mechanisms governing the inventor’s niche must be thoroughly understood before innovation can take place. In this essay, I will attempt to show how medical health issues became the cause for scientist seeking knowledge on the human physiology and how this acquired knowledge has been used effectively to create biomedical devices in modern medicine. In the 18th century, science struggled with solving medical issues relating to aging, affecting surgical procedures due to a lack of adequate equipment. These difficulties in treating patients led to rapid experiments which were done for the sole purpose of understanding the human body system and the mechanics behind its function. As these studies became more specialized, the field of biomedical physiology was born. During the 19th century, enough knowledge had been gathered concerning the human anatomy to help scientist work on developing procedures, equipment and health aides dedicated in reducing the suffering of patients. Examples of such strides made in science due to the study of biomedical physiology include the creation of the first bionic arm in Edinburgh circa 1993. By the 21st century science had gone further in simplifying corrective surgery and other health defects with the use of insightful medical procedures and techniques which were spearheaded by advances in biomedical physiology. An apt example is the use laser surgery to correct simple eye defects by employing a completely non-invasive approach in treating a patient. Another example is the use of spinal gels in treating joint and spinal issues in aging humans. These great strides were in effect made possible due to scientist gaining a more complete understanding of how the body functions and the external pressures that affect the body’s system. Therefore, it is safe to say that difficulties in treating patients was the cause which led to scientist seeking more knowledge to combat diseases and the effect of the acquired knowledge can be seen today in the form of prosthetic limbs, laser surgery, pace setters and surgery equipment that ensure we receive better health care. The field of biomedical physiology is not done as more and more experiments and medical breakthroughs are still expected to occur in the near future. This is due to the number of scientist specializing in the field of biomedical science as well as engineers taking part in the new revolution. Consequently, advancement in stem cell research is moving at a pace which may see science regenerate dead cells or create new ones to take the place of dead cells. If successfully harnessed, stem cells can be used to solve previously untreatable medical conditions such as paralysis, loss of tissues, cancer and other malignant diseases. In conclusion, man has risen to the challenge of battling diseases by seeking enough knowledge to counter them and this process is currently working effectively for the human population. For further reading, do not hesitate to check our 10 facts for a cause and effect essay on biomedical physiology as well as a writing guide on the making of a cause and effect essay on biomedical physiology. References: Scribner, M. (2010). Imaging Innovations Lead to Advances in Radiation Therapy. Biomedical Instrumentation Technology, 44(4), 325-327. Malberg, H. and Wolf, W. (2006). Biosignal Processing: the Pacemaker for Innovations in Biomedical Engineering – State, Developments, Trends. Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering, 51(2), pp.39-40. Ursino, M. (2003). Cerebrovascular Modelling: A Union of Physiology, Clinical Medicine and Biomedical Engineering. Medical Engineering Physics, 25(8). Sieck, G. (2015). Transforming Medicine Through Physiology. Physiology, 30(3), pp.173-174. Malberg, H. and Wolf, W. (2006). Biosignal Processing: The Pacemaker for Innovations in Biomedical Engineering – State, Developments, Trends. Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering, 51(2). Storz, J. (2016). Gene Duplication and Evolutionary Innovations in Hemoglobin-Oxygen Transport. Physiology, 31(3). Newell, J. (2012). The Development of Biomedical Engineering as Experienced by one Biomedical Engineer. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 11(1).

Exclusive college application essays

Exclusive college application essays Application essay Students always get nervous when they have to write college application essays. It is often very hard to choose an appropriate subject for this work. Moreover, a lot of difficulties occur with recounting ones experience. It is sometimes complicated to describe the events that have occurred in your life and show whether they have influenced you strongly or not. Discussing disputable social or political questions also causes a lot of problems for learners. The point is that they do not know how to cover the selected topic of such a work appropriately. It is essential to understand how to write a college application essay properly in order to get a high grade for it. If you need help with doing this assignment, you should ask experienced specialists for advice. Qualified experts such as ours are able to produce original papers on different subjects. Besides, they may give you handy tips on preparing college application papers. Draw your attention to the following points:Write succinct sentences.The members of the admission committee analyze a lot of application works every day. Even though these papers are not lengthy, the board still has to read a large number of pages daily. It is no secret that the admissions officers prefer easy-to-understand essays to the confusing ones. Therefore, you need to try hard to prepare an outstanding piece of writing. Remember to make a proper college application essay format. You should not exceed the word count indicated in the instructions.Present true facts.Remember that there is no need to prov ide false information about your achievements or awards. You should understand that not every person has to be as popular as celebrities. Thus, be yourself. In this case, it will be easier to express your thoughts when writing an application paper.Be unique.You should think what technique to apply to produce a fantastic work. When reading your paper, the committee should understand that you are the best applicant among the others. It does not necessarily mean that you have to talk about your hobbies or leisure activities. You should find something that makes you special. Perhaps you are an expert in particular college application essay topics. Surely, it is not easy to demonstrate your remarkable abilities and remain objective. However, if you manage to do it, you will succeed in completing this assignment.Stick to the point.Choose a particular subject and describe it fully when writing the paper. You should not start discussing several issues as it may confuse the board. If you sel ect a specific topic, you will know how to start a college application essay and end it reasonably. Mind the grammar.You should be very attentive when preparing your paper. Meticulous attention should be paid to spelling and punctuation. It is of key importance to put dashes, commas, colons, and other punctuation marks in their proper places. Remember to spell proper names correctly.Provide colorful details.Note that your paper should be like an interesting story. That is why you should present vivid examples to help readers understand your message clearly. If you mention your friends or relatives in the paper, you may use their names. It will make your work clearer. In this case, readers will see that you want to make your piece of writing more coherent, so that they can enjoy reading it. Remember that it is one of the most helpful college application essay tips.Present yourself as a sociable person.While being at college, you will need to communicate with students, professors, and other staff. Thus, when writing your work, you need to show that you are friendly. In case you face some difficulties at this stage, use college application essays. Therefore, you will see how to develop the main idea of the paper.Presenting jokes.When answering college application essay questions, you may describe humorous moments of your life or tell anecdotes. However, you should be cautious about it as the members of the committee may misunderstand you. Note that jokes may be even offensive. Thus, you should think twice before sharing them.Cover unusual topics.Some students write uninteresting application papers at all. You may discuss such standard subjects as art, religion, science, etc. Nevertheless, you need to perform detailed analysis of the chosen issue and produce an exclusive work. Remember that it is not enough to present your opinion about the chosen topic. You should provide powerful evidence to support your point of view. Do not be afraid to promote new ideas.Show that you are smart.It is understandable that the admission board always looks for open-minded and bra iny applicants. Thus, when writing college application essays, students need to show that they are interested in different subjects. When analyzing your paper, the committee should understand that you are ready to learn something new and useful, and want to take part in extracurricular activities.

Cell Phones The Impact of their Inappropriate Use Essay

Cell Phones The Impact of their Inappropriate Use - Essay Example Recently, in the library trying to write some notes, four cell phones were being used in my vicinity. It was impossible to concentrate, as the noise was too much, but added to this, was the distraction from the different conversations going on. All of these were non-urgent, totally inane, things like what time to meet after class, who said what to whom, and even the best new lip gloss to buy! I felt as if my space was invaded and that there was no respect for other people's needs, or indeed for the place itself. The library after all, is meant to be a 'quiet' public space, designed to help us study and learn. In a way, I felt my rights were being violated. I had to move away; so did two other students. We all looked resigned to this course of action, but what else could we do A few weeks back, at an intersection in town, I witnessed a guy in his car, shouting into a hand-held cell phone, go through a red light. By good luck, nothing was crossing in front of him, or the results of his actions could have been fatal. He was angry, not paying attention to the road, the people, the dangers. I felt a little sick, as I imagined what could have happened, and also angry at such disregard for others. A couple of mothers with babies in strollers just looked at each other, The worst, personal experience, which happen

Medical Malpractice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Medical Malpractice - Case Study Example The decision of the trial court was raised on appeal to the COURT OF APPEAL OF LOUISIANA, FOURTH CIRCUIT. The plaintiff, Sheila Webb, instituted the action in connection with the death of her son, Rodney Comeaux, the alleged victim of the medical malpractice. The main ground of the suit she filed was the negligence of the attending medical doctors and of the hospital appurtenant to the duty of the latter to closely monitor the said patient through its nursing staff. Rodney Comeaux died at the hospital on July 21, 1988. The defendants, on the other hand, were (a) the Tulane Medical Center Hospital where Rodney Comeaux was entered for confinement and diagnosis, and (b) a certain Dr. Abe Andes, a doctor of medicine supposedly specializing in hematology, who attended to the patient, decedent Rodney Comeaux. The civil complaint was filed with the Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans which had original jurisdiction over the matter pursuant to the Rules for Louisiana District Courts. (TITLE II RULES FOR CIVIL PROCEEDINGS IN DISTRICT COURTS (EXCEPT FOR FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS AND JUVENILE PROCEEDINGS. RULES FOR LOUISIANA DISTRICT COURTS. [internet]). After the decision was handed down by the trial court, the matters at issue were raised on appeal to the COURT OF APPEAL OF LOUISIANA, FOURTH CIRCUIT, which had appellate jurisdiction over the suit in accordance with the applicable procedures.(Rule 1-2. Title and Scope of Rules. UNIFORM RULES LOUISIANA COURTS OF APPEALS. THE STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL FOURTH CIRCUIT. [internet]) The facts of the case Rodney Comeaux was full of complicated health problems since when he was young. Diagnosed with Sickle Cell Anemia at an early age of six months, Rodney was never in perfect health. Sickle Cell Anemia (or SCA for short) is a genetic abnormality in blood which is incurable. He had continuously suffered from pneumonia bouts and the anemia predicaments. During the month of June in 1988, Rodney, aged twenty three by then, complained of chest pains and stomach discomforts. He was brought to defendant Tulane Medical Center for admission. Dr. Abe Andes, the medical director of the hospital, attended to him. Released from the medical confinement on July 6, 1988, Rodney was prescribed an oral antibiotic called Keflex. He was advised to come back for an appointment with Dr. Andes on July 12 of that same year, specifically at two thirty in the afternoon of that date. Dr. Andes wrote down his findings as pulmonary infarction versus pneumonia. Before Dr. Andes, Rodney Comeaux was being treated at the SCA clinic by a certain Dr. Frempong, the the director of the said clinic. It was only in 1986 that Dr. Andes took over from Dr. Frempong. Hours before the designated visit on July 12, 1988, Rodney showed up at the SCA clinic where he complained of chest pain and request to meet Dr. Andes. The latter was then preoccupied attending to other patients who had prior

Response Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Journal 4 - Essay Example Several bigger high-tech companies were noted to be actively searching for EEs such as Intel Labs Europe, ARM Holdings, and other companies in Belgium like Agfa-Gevaert Belgium, Alcatel-Lucent, Belgacom, Cisco Systems, and Nuance Communications International are looking for very specialized skills (Schnederman 1). The shortage in engineers was identified to be the result of an ageing workforce and the limited number of students pursuing the degree. The report provided optimistic information that could encourage more students to go into the engineering field, especially to develop specialized skills in areas where high demand has been projected. It identified potentially high growth opportunities for engineers in the field of space research and new technologies (solar energy), among others. The most relevant aspect deemed necessary to entice more students to pursue this endeavor is to make compensation and benefits highly competitive to other professions within the area. But like any other profession, more than the compensation, other factors need to be considered to make the career more attractive and encouraging.

Leadership-Development Programs Essay Example for Free

Leadership-Development Programs Essay 1.0 Background At the senior executive staff meeting of August 1, 2012, the director of operations suggested that Cliffside Holding Company of Massapequa (CHCM) establish a leadership-development program to prepare junior financial executives for future advancement into executive positions. Specifically, the proposal was to send 20 employees off-site each year for a three-week program offered by the Aspen Leadership Institute of Colorado at a cost of $5,000.00 USD per student. The total cost to CHCM would be $100,000.00 per year plus approximately the same amount for lost time on the job. 2.0 Discussion CHCM has been in business for over 50 years. Our average growth rate is 12% per annum. None of our twelve senior executives has attended a leadership development seminar and yet our company has been prosperous. This calls into question whether a leadership development program is even necessary. Moreover, since our leadership has been successful and effective without  such programs it appears that leaders are born, not made. In fact, I surveyed your senior staff and all but one agreed with this notion. To quote the famous economist Dr. Irwin Corey, each of us is â€Å"born into this world accompanied by a rich, psychical disposition, which furnishes him ready-made all his motivations of conduct†¦He can show a demand for nothing that is not prompted by this galaxy of instincts.† The online reference site Wikipedia defines leadership as â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others.† There exists an entire school of leadership theory which holds that leaders have certain traits in common. Winston Churchill, Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King, Jr. – all possessed such leadership traits as ambition, self-confidence, and intelligence. These cannot be learned; they are innate. Two well-respected research studies that support the notion that personality traits can predict leadership were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and in the Leadership Quarterly. In my own experience, I’ve also noted that a tall physical stature is possessed by leaders. Certainly no one can increase his or her heightit is determined by genetics. Note the heights of some of the greatest leaders in United States history in the table, below. Source: http://www.laughtergeneology.com , http://www.imdb.com and http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1682433/bio In fact, all members of your senior staff are over six feet tall with one exception: Ms. Florence Forsythe, the person advocating leadership development training. Moreover, I am suspect as to her intentions. Is it possible that she may covet my position as the human resources VP? Or is she motivated by the liberal notion that all citizens of a free nation have the right to pursue education and can achieve anything they desire? I suspect she is motivated by both personal gain and bleeding-heart liberal intentions. Once we start sending some people for leadership training, we will start getting numerous requests for expensive training that we simply cant afford. Regardless, if we spend our money on leadership development, we will not have enough to spend on recruitment. And, from the discussion above, it would be more logical to select and recruit those with leadership traits than to try and develop those who are not. Moreover, if we spend money sending the wrong people to leadership training, the whole program will be a waste of money. There are plenty of people who are already leaders; we don’t need to â€Å"train† those who are not. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation I speak for truth and common sense. CHCM should not invest in the proposed initiative to send its junior executives for annual leadership training. Leadership development programs are wasteful because the money is not well-spent. The advocate of this idea, Ms. Forsythe, is not really concerned about developing leaders for Cliffside Holding Co. Instead, Ms. Forsythe has a personal agenda to discredit me personally and push the theories of the Aspen Institute. As VP of Human Resources, I dont think  those theories are appropriate for the culture of CHCM.

The Components Of Attitude Education Essay

The Components Of Attitude Education Essay Attitude influences the way in which an individual behaves towards an object, institution, or a person. Our attitude towards a particular object may be influenced by our parents, school, teachers and society in which as an individual we live. According to Thurton (1929) attitude may also be defined as the sum total of mans inclination, feelings, threats and conviction about any specific topic. Karlinger (1973) holds that attitude is an integral part of personality to think, to feel, and perceive to behave towards a referent and cognitive object. Attitude is very important as it decides the behavior pattern of a person. Attitudes can be implicit and explicit. Implicit attitudes are unconscious, but still have an effect on our beliefs and behaviors. Explicit attitudes are those about which we are consciously aware of and they clearly influence our behaviors and beliefs. In the opinion of Bain (1927), an attitude is the relatively overt behavior of a person which affects his status. Jung (1921) defines attitude as a readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way. Components of Attitude Harrison (1976) has identified three components in attitude as under: Beliefs are what one considers desirable and undesirable. Attitudes are accompanied by emotions and influence each other. The individual displays his attitude through his action (behavior). However, Wenden (1991) proposed a broader definition of the concept attitude. He has introduced these terms with a little change, although the theme is almost the same. He says that the term attitude includes three components as Cognitive Affective Behavioral Cognitive component is made up of the beliefs and ideas or opinions about the object of the attitude. Rosenberg and Hovland (1969) suggest that cognitions include perceptions, concepts, and beliefs about the attitude object and these are usually expressed by verbal questions. Ajzen (1988) categorizes cognitive components into verbal and non-verbal responses. Cognitive responses of a verbal nature are expressions of beliefs about an attitude object. According to him, cognitive responses of a nonverbal kind are more difficult to assess, and the information they provide about attitudes is usually more indirect. Baker (1992) believes that the cognitive component involves thoughts and beliefs. Affective component refers to the feelings and emotions that one has towards an object, likes or dislikes, with or against. Ajzen (1988) believes that affective responses involve evaluations of, and feelings towards, the attitude object. Verbal affective responses can be expressions of admiration or disgust, appreciation or disdain. On the other hand, facial expressions and other bodily reactions are assumed to show nonverbal affective responses. Baker (1992) suggests that the affective component concerns feelings towards the target language, which may be love or hate of the language, a passion for the poetry of the target language, or an anxiety about learning it. Also, Hermann-Brennecke (2000) defines the affective component as a feeling-based evaluative component. The behavioral component refers to ones consisting actions or behavioral intentions towards the object. Rosenberg and Hovland (1969) evaluate the behavioral component towards a situation with regard to a persons overt actions or verbal statements concerning behavior. These components of attitude consist of a tendency of an individual to behave in a particular way towards and object. Only this component of attitude is visible as the other two can only be inferred. Kinds of Attitude There are three kinds of attitude; Positive Attitude is a kind of attitude that people are likely to act consistently with. Negative Attitude is a kind of attitude where people act inconsistently with. Neutral Attitude refers to a situation where people feel themselves reluctant to take any definite decision and find it difficult to make a choice either to go with something or not. With respect to positive attitude, people may become respective to the said attitude and tend to understand every situation which corresponds to it. On the other hand, with a negative attitude a persons act will not be consistent due to the distortion he wanted to accomplish. Attitude Formation Attitudes may be learned from the experiences we have. These include mostly mundane events such as being praised by our parents for expounding liberal attitudes, but also major life and world events. Â  The basic processes through which we learn attitudes remain the same throughout life, though as we grow older the attitudes we learn may be more complex, and the ones we already hold may become more resistant to change. Attitudes are learned from our experience of the social context around us. Research has indicated that there are several ways in which attitudes are acquired. One of the earliest agents of attitude formation is parents. Later on world experience, interaction with the outer world plays a significance role in the formation of attitude. Some of the psychological factors which play a vital role in attitude formation are discussed below: Operant conditioning. It involves voluntary responses. It is usually involve with the behavioral component of attitude. Behaviors tend to be repeated if they are reinforced. Similarly behaviors tend to be stopped when they are punished. Direct instruction. The adoption of attitudes is directly told by the parents, schools, community, friends, as well as the impact of religion etc. Social learning. It is based on modeling and observation. We observe others, if they are rewarded and receive appreciation for certain behaviors, we are reinforced and it is more likely, that we behave in the way to express this attitude. Rational analysis. It involves the careful weighing of evidence for, and against, a particular attitude. In other words it involves the careful observation of the evidence in order to take the right decision. Language Attitude Language attitudes are the feelings people have about their own language or the languages of others (Crystal, 1992). Language attitude is different from other general attitudes in the sense that they are specifically about language. It is normally considered that language attitudes are related to the language itself, its variety, its sound system, its semantic quality so on and so forth. In fact, the term language attitude is applied by sociolinguists today, includes the outlook and our affiliation towards the speakers of a particular languages. Fasold (1984) suggests that attitudes towards a language are often a reflection of attitudes towards members of various ethnic groups. Language attitudes are changing all the time because the economic situation of a country may change, for the better or the worse, and so produce a different language attitude among its speakers or potential speakers. The same changing language attitude goes for the choice of a foreign language where the niche and the needs determine the language status. In this respect, Calvet (2006) states: Human beings are not always able to choose their languages, their choice is determined first and foremost by the milieu in which they find themselves, by the languages that coexist in this niche and then by their needs, and very little by the typological situation other coexisting languages. Second Language-Learning Strategies All language learners use language learning strategies either consciously or unconsciously when processing new information and performing tasks in the language classroom. Since language classroom is like a problem-solving environment in which language learners are likely to face new input and difficult tasks given by their instructors, learners attempts to find the quickest or easiest way to do what is required, that is, using language learning strategies is inescapable. The term language learning strategy has been defined by many researchers. Wenden and Rubin (1987) define learning strategies as any sets of operations, steps, plans, routines used by the learner to facilitate the obtaining, storage, retrieval, and use of information. Richards and Platt (1992) state that learning strategies are intentional behavior and thoughts used by learners during learning so as to better help them understand, learn, or remember new information. Faerch Claus and Casper (1983) stress that a learning strategy is an attempt to develop linguistic and sociolinguistic competence in the target language. Classification of Language Learning Strategies by OMalley OMalley (1985) divides language learning strategies into three main subcategories Metacognitive strategies. It can be stated that metacognitive is a term to express executive function, strategies which require planning for learning, thinking about the learning process as it is taking place, monitoring of ones production or comprehension, and evaluating learning after an activity is completed. Among the main metacognitive strategies, it is possible to include advance organizers, directed attention, selective attention, self-management, functional planning, self-monitoring, delayed production, self-evaluation. Cognitive strategies. Cognitive strategies are more limited to specific learning tasks and they involve more direct manipulation of the learning material itself. Repetition, resourcing, translation, grouping, note taking, deduction, recombination, imagery, auditory representation, key word, contextualization, elaboration, transfer, inference are among the most important cognitive strategies. Socioaffective strategies. As to the socio affective strategies, it can be stated that they are related with social-mediating activity and transacting with others. Cooperation and question for clarification are the main socioaffective strategies (Brown 1987). Attitude and Motivation in L2 Learning In the field of language attitudes, the term attitude and motivation are closely connected and related (Gardner, 1985). He believes that languages involve the acquisition of skills or behavior patterns which are characteristic of another cultural community. He discusses that the relative degree of success in second language acquisition depends, to a certain extent, on the individuals attitude towards the other community as well as the beliefs in the community, which are relevant to the language learning process. He believes that the acquisition of a second language is a long and tough task so that any concept of motivation must include in it an attitudinal foundation to sustain the motivation. He proposes that attitudes play a role in language learning through their influence on motivation. Educators accept that students have individual learning styles and vary in their attitudes towards learning in general (Deci, Flaste 1995). Two major clusters of motivation have been introduced by Gardner and Lambert (1972). Integrative Motivation Instrumental Motivation When students want to learn a language to become part of a speech community (integrate). People who immigrate to new countries are some examples of people who may want to identify with the community around them. An important aspect of this form of language learning is using language for social interaction. This form of motivation is thought to produce success in language learners. Learners may make efforts to learn an L2 for some functional reason; to pass the examination to get a better job, or to get a place at university. In some learner context an instrumental motivation seems to be the major force determining success in L2 learning. For example, in settings where students are motivated to learn an L2 because it opens the educational and economic opportunities for them (Ellis, 1997). . Starks Paltridge (1996) mention that learning a language is closely related to the attitudes towards the language. Karahan (2007) suggests that positive language attitude let learner have positive orientation towards learning English. As such, attitudes may play a very crucial role in language learning as they would appear to influence students success directly. Ellis (2000) mentions that positive attitudes towards the L2 and its speakers can be expected to enhance learning while negative attitudes impede it. So, attitudes have an impact on the level of L2 proficiency achieved by individual learners. The learners with positive attitudes, who experience success, will have these attitudes reinforced. Similarly, learners negative attitude may be strengthened by lack of success. Holmes (1992) states that people develop attitudes towards languages which reflect their views about those who speak the languages, and the contexts and functions with which they are associated. Hermann-Brennecke (2000) points out the relationship between language and attitude language does not consist only of forms, patterns and rules but is simultaneously bound up with the social, subjective and objective world, since it also carries the attitudes, habits and cultural characteristics of its speakers. The Status of English in Pakistan In Pakistani community where different languages co-exist, language attitudes play an important role in the lives of the users of these languages. Today there are more non-native than native users of English and English has become a world language. English language enjoys a high status in Pakistan as it is the language of education, law, science, technology, Government and a lingua franca among the provinces. It has become a status symbol, a refine medium of communication. English in Pakistan is used as an official and a second language. It is spoken and used by a relatively small but extremely influential portion of countrys population in the domain of government administration, law, the military, the higher education, commerce and mass media (Baumgardner 1993). According to Ghani (2003) English in Pakistan serves as a gateway to success, to further education and to white collar jobs. It is the language of higher education and wider education and not the home language of the population except in the upper strata of society where it is spoken as a status symbol. Socially, English adopted as a second language has had a significant impact both economically and educationally. It continues to play an important role in the countrys commercial and industrial development and outside the government sector. Attitude of Pakistani Students towards Learning English Language policies have frequently failed in Pakistan where students attitudes to English language learning and use are mainly neglected. It is, therefore, important to study attitudes of students because if the learners have unfavorable attitudes to a target language, language policy implementation is unlikely to be successful (Baker,1992). Shahid Siddiqui (2007) discusses the present scenario in Pakistan and states that every student up to Intermediate level has to study English as compulsory subject. He further states that there are a large number of students who question the very existence of English as a compulsory subject. He claims that most of the students who belong to the rural background are not motivated to learn English. In Many cases the parents are not educated and cannot appreciate the purpose of learning English. As a result the students feel that English is perhaps the privilege of the elitist class and only the bright students can acquire it. There is a small group of students who realize the importance of English as it is a passport to employment. Most of the students are willing to learn English just to get degrees instead of attempting to learn the language skills. As a result, they spend most of their time in rote memorization which is considered the best way of passing the examination. Rahman (1999), in his survey of students attitudes towards learning English has found that almost all the students, including the deeni madrassahs want to learn English. However, it seems that the reason for learning English is instrumental for them. Factors Affecting Attitude towards Learning English There are certain factors which can be attributed as to affect the attitude of students towards learning English. Role of Parents. Parents play an important role in the education of their children. Their involvement and encouragement can help a child excel. Alberta Education encourages parents to take an active role in the education of their children and provides resources to support their involvement. Parents are the major socialization agents who play a vital role in shaping childrens attitudes towards ethnic groups and language learning. Parents can also be actively involved in the learning process and promote success by encouraging children to study the foreign language, monitor their performance, correct mistakes, etc. On the other hand, if the parents are not literate in the second language, their children remain deprived in terms of the availability of interaction in a second language at home. Role of Personality Traits in L2 Learning. Personality is considered a very important category of individual differences since the individual is often judged depending on her/his personality. It has been frequently observed that different learners attain highly different levels of L2 proficiency even though the circumstances in which these learners acquire a target language are almost identical. This inter individual variation can be accounted for by learner-internal factors. Extroversion/Introversion. Extroversion and introversion are personality characteristics that can influence language learning in a positive or negative way depending on the measured aspect. It is believed that extroverts, who are sociable and open to other people, are more successful in learning languages than introverts, because they have more contact with L2. On the other hand, well-organized and serious introverts are seen as better learners as far as the systematic study is concerned. Anxiety. Krashen (1985) maintained that anxiety inhibits the learners ability to process incoming language. An interaction is often found among anxiety, task difficulty, and ability, which interferes at the input, processing, retrieval, and at the output level. If anxiety impairs cognitive function, students who are anxious may learn less and also may not be able to demonstrate what they have learned. Therefore, they may experience even more failure, which in turn raise their anexity level. Age. Age has often been considered a major, if not the primary, factor determining success in learning a second or foreign language. Children are generally considered capable of acquiring a new language rapidly and with little effort, whereas adults are believed to be doomed to failure. Although older learners are indeed less likely than young children to master an L2, a close examination of studies relating age to language acquisition reveals that age differences reflect differences in the situation of learning rather than in capacity to learn. They do not demonstrate any constraint on the possibility that adults can become highly proficient, even native like, speakers of L2 (TODD, Marshall 2000). Degree of Instrumentality vs. Integration. It is supposed that the degree of instrumentality is also a an important factor whicvh effect the process of L2 learning. When the learners are motivated to learn a second language for utilitarian purpose i.e, to get a good job the level of success is supposed to be higher as compared to those who learn a second language for integrative purpose. According to Gardner and Lambart (1972 ) when a language is learnt for utilitarian purpose , the success in second language is supposed to be lower than if it is learnt for the integrative purpose but Meenakshi Verma states that this claim seems to be doubtful as the instrumentally motivated students are effectively learning English. The reason seems to be that the instrumental motivation works as a force to get a good job. Role of Teacher in L2 Learning. The role of teacher in affecting the attitudes of students cannot be falsified. A teacher plays a vital role for the students. He can serve as a facilitator, a guide, a fellow traveler, an advisor etc. If a teacher does not provide sufficient exposure to the target language, does not motivate the students, or does not provide them an opportunity to communicate, such teacher proves himself a threat for students. In such circumstances, if the student is asked to interact, the threat of teacher may hinder students progress. As Dornyei (2001) notes, teacher skills in motivating learners should be seen as central to teaching effectiveness. Students need both ample opportunities to learn and steady encouragement and support of their learning efforts. Because such motivation is unlikely to develop in a chaotic classroom, it is important that the teacher organize and manage the classroom as an effective learning environment. Furthermore, because anxious students are unlikely to develop motivation to learn, it is important that learning occurs within a relaxed and supportive atmosphere (Good and Brophy, 1994). In short, attitude is the sum total of a mans instinctions and feelings, prejudice or bias, preconceived notions, fears threats and convictions about any specified topic (Gardner, 1980). It can be described in other words as a mirror through which the inner emotions, feelings, beliefs, liking, disliking can be depicted. As these are the inner as well as the overt behaviors of individuals, they have a strong impact on decision making and finding the way for further progress. In the same perspective, an attitude towards learning a language depicts the way in which the learner feels about second language. It highlights the beliefs, in relation to the language which is being learnt. An attitude can be influenced by parents, teachers as well as by the society including the religion. Our affiliations, our interest as well as our purpose behind learning L2, all play a vital role in forming attitude towards learning a language. Having a review of the related literature, it may be concluded that these factors have a strong influence on the beliefs, liking and disliking of students and have an impact on their overall achievement in the second language learning. Rationale of the Study This study aims to examine the students attitude towards learning English. It focuses on the relationship between students attitude and their achievements in English language. In the light of this study, it is possible to put forward those factors like students attitude towards teachers, curriculum, and teachers methodologies that can be the causes of students low achievements in exams or their disinterest in the language learning. This study will show students positive or negative attitude towards learning English and their proficiency in it. It will take into account students experience and motivation provided by the teachers. As the aim of this study is to investigate the students attitude towards learning English language, it will show that either students want to learn English for integrative or for instrumental purpose. In short, this study is designed to highlight the attitude of male and female students and also to investigate the difference between the attitude of male and female students towards learning English.